WASHINGTON — Imploring both political parties to give ground, President Barack Obama declared today he would reject any stopgap extension of the nation’s borrowing limit, adding fresh urgency for Republicans and fellow Democrats to resolve intense tax and spending disputes and head off economic calamity.

“If not now, when?” Obama said in a news conference just ahead of his latest bargaining session with congressional leaders at the White House. That meeting lasted about 90 minutes and ended with no sign of progress.

Obama told reporters he would meet every day with top lawmakers until they found agreement on a deal, and he refused to even entertain the idea of a backup plan should they fail and the government should default on Aug. 2.

“We are going to get this done,” Obama insisted. They have two weeks or less to do so in order to get any deal through Congress in time.

Yet the path to agreement remained hard to see. Even as Obama spoke, Republicans renewed their opposition to the tax increases he sees as crucial along with spending cuts for reducing huge federal deficits and restraining the soaring national debt.

“Do you need to raise taxes in order to get control of spending? I think the answer is no,” said House Speaker John Boehner just before heading to the White House for new talks.

Said House Majority Leader Eric Cantor: “We are not going to raise taxes. That’s all.”

And there was no indication afterward that the latest bargaining session moved either side off its talking points.

“Republicans are insisting on cutting seniors’ benefits instead of closing taxpayer-funded giveaways to billionaires and corporate jet owners,” Adam Jentleson, spokesman for Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, said after the White House meeting broke up.

A potential deal — a package that could total $2 trillion or more in deficit cuts over a decade — is considered necessary for Congress to lift the nation’s $14.3 trillion debt limit. Failure to lift that cap could cause the government to default on its bills and sink the economy and the world into deeper trouble.

Obama renewed his case Monday for a package that would put a historic dent in the country’s deficits by blending politically poisonous elements for both parties: tax hikes for the wealthy and big corporations opposed by Republicans and social service cuts that Democrats decry.

Obama tried to alter the debate by saying that any potential tax increases on wealthier people would not take effect until 2013. That would fall after the next election, when Obama will seek re-election and control of the House and the Senate will be at stake. Meanwhile, a short-term debt-limit increase would keep the issue boiling during the campaign.

The president said he would refuse to accept stopgap legislation. “It’s not going to get easier; it’s going to get harder,” Obama said. “So we might as well do it now. Pull of the Band-Aid. Eat our peas.”

He said he would refuse to sign into law a short-term extension of the debt limit, which technically left open the possibility that it could become law without his signature. The White House later confirmed that Obama meant he would veto such a bill.

More broadly, Obama sought to position himself as the pragmatist seeking a compromise in a divided town. He tried to build pressure on Congress to prove to a disillusioned American people that “this town can actually do something once in a while.”

To Republicans, he said they have long pushed deficit reduction as the way to create desperately needed jobs and now won’t take yes for an answer. “Where are they?” he said. “I mean, this is what they claim would be the single biggest boost to business certainty and confidence. So what’s the hold-up?”

And to Democrats eager to protect entitlements, Obama said doing nothing is not tenable. The president said Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid have to be made stronger for the longer term and the rising debt each year will crowd out Democratic priorities such as education and medical research.

“So, yeah, we’re going to have a sales job,” he conceded. “This is not pleasant.”

The president himself is under pressure to get a deal that can pass Congress without undermining his own positions — and voters.

Obama’s previous meeting with top lawmakers from both parties, on Sunday night, accomplished little.

And that was after the possibility of a grander deal on the magnitude of $4 trillion, as discussed by Obama and Boehner, fell apart Saturday night amid steep Republican opposition.

The meeting Monday was expected to focus on potential debt savings identified by Vice President Joe Biden and lawmakers during earlier talks. But that group, too, was bitterly divided over taxes, and the amount of savings they found elsewhere still falls short of what all sides agree must come together quickly.

For his part, Boehner told reporters that he agreed with Obama that the nation’s borrowing limit must be raised, but he said revenues can be raised without hiking taxes. Boehner said Obama insists on raising taxes but the White House isn’t serious enough about reforming entitlement programs.

Here, too, there was an enormous gap in how both sides described the state of play.

“I am prepared to take on significant heat from my party to get something done,” Obama said, contending he has “bent over backward” to work with Republicans.

The president made clear Monday that any changes to Social Security would be designed to ensure money is available for beneficiaries years from now — as opposed to trimming costs to reduce the deficit. One possibility would lower cost-of-living increases for recipients.

As to why that would be included in debt talks, Obama said it all came back to politics.

“If you’re going to take a bunch of tough votes,” he said, “You might as well do it now.”

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